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Alcohol may be polar, but it sure isn't ionic, which is what really causes some liquids (including impure water) to conduct.
I've just measured the resistance of some propan-2-ol. With about 1/4" depth in a container and a couple of probes about 1/4" apart, I was getting resistances of the order of 20M Ohms.
So I think the resistance of the remaining film of alcohol after cleaning a calculator in it is not going to matter that much (most of the signals in an HP calculator come from
considerably lower impedance sources than that). I'd not want to keep the batteries in while cleaning it, but
if you take the batteries out, wash the calculator (or the boards, or whatever) in propan-2-ol, leave it for a few minutes to dry (it evapourates fast), it should be OK. Even if you leave the batteries in, I would be very suprised if it did any permanent damage.
Incidentally, propan-2-ol is generally recomended for cleaning PCBs, precision mechanical parts, and so on.
One warning, though. It doesn't attack much, but it can cloud up some optical plastics, which may have been used for lenses over LED displays. I'd not want to soak such a device with propan-2-ol. But apart from that, there's no problem that I've ever found.
It is certainly a lot better than the contact cleaner/lubricants that are sold. And I don't even want to attempt to compare it to WD40 :-)....
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Isopropyl alcohol is a standard cleaning solvent used in the electronics industry for decades. There is no problem with it leaving conductive residue. It can cloud plastics particularly in its conventrated forms.
I use cigarette lighter fluid to clean adhesive residue off of cases without any problems. It is also used with red jewlers rouge to polish scratches out of the red LED lenses. Always test a new solvent on an inconspicuous place when it doubt.
Propanalol is a standard ingredient in most lens cleaning solutions and I have never had a problem with it attacking plastics. It is a rather gentle solvent.
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It depends from the kind of alcohol. It seems that beer and gin tonic are not the right ones for electronic circuits, but you can test them on texas instruments calcs !