Disposable 1.5V "N" cells are correct. There is also a rechargeable pack made for the HP-41, and other rechargeable packs have been fabricated using "AAA" cells.
There is a certain 12V cell that is very similar in size to the "N" cells. They are used in remote controls for garage-door openers and other devices. Their strong IR signal is probably the reason for their high ouptut voltage.
Don't use 'em in an HP-41!
I concur with the diagnosis of a short circuit, with the calc getting hot, and not turning on, probably due to the voltage drop caused by abnormal current flow.
If you can't find an obvious cause of the short circuit, schematics are available from a site that one can find by Googling "Warren Furlow".
-- KS
Edited: 12 July 2006, 11:08 p.m.