The following warnings occurred:
Warning [2] Undefined array key 163063 - Line: 275 - File: inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.14 (Linux)
File Line Function
/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 275 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 23 ThreadedMode::showthread_threaded
/inc/class_plugins.php 142 threaded_mode_showthread_threaded
/showthread.php 918 pluginSystem->run_hooks
Warning [2] Undefined array key 163065 - Line: 275 - File: inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.14 (Linux)
File Line Function
/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 275 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 23 ThreadedMode::showthread_threaded
/inc/class_plugins.php 142 threaded_mode_showthread_threaded
/showthread.php 918 pluginSystem->run_hooks
Warning [2] Undefined array key 163067 - Line: 275 - File: inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.14 (Linux)
File Line Function
/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 275 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 23 ThreadedMode::showthread_threaded
/inc/class_plugins.php 142 threaded_mode_showthread_threaded
/showthread.php 918 pluginSystem->run_hooks
Warning [2] Undefined array key 163101 - Line: 275 - File: inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.14 (Linux)
File Line Function
/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 275 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 23 ThreadedMode::showthread_threaded
/inc/class_plugins.php 142 threaded_mode_showthread_threaded
/showthread.php 918 pluginSystem->run_hooks
Warning [2] Undefined array key 163121 - Line: 275 - File: inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.14 (Linux)
File Line Function
/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 275 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 23 ThreadedMode::showthread_threaded
/inc/class_plugins.php 142 threaded_mode_showthread_threaded
/showthread.php 918 pluginSystem->run_hooks
Warning [2] Undefined array key 163122 - Line: 275 - File: inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.14 (Linux)
File Line Function
/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 275 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 23 ThreadedMode::showthread_threaded
/inc/class_plugins.php 142 threaded_mode_showthread_threaded
/showthread.php 918 pluginSystem->run_hooks
Warning [2] Undefined array key 163146 - Line: 275 - File: inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.14 (Linux)
File Line Function
/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 275 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 23 ThreadedMode::showthread_threaded
/inc/class_plugins.php 142 threaded_mode_showthread_threaded
/showthread.php 918 pluginSystem->run_hooks
Warning [2] Undefined array key 163155 - Line: 275 - File: inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.14 (Linux)
File Line Function
/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 275 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 23 ThreadedMode::showthread_threaded
/inc/class_plugins.php 142 threaded_mode_showthread_threaded
/showthread.php 918 pluginSystem->run_hooks
Warning [2] Undefined array key 163156 - Line: 275 - File: inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.14 (Linux)
File Line Function
/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 275 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 23 ThreadedMode::showthread_threaded
/inc/class_plugins.php 142 threaded_mode_showthread_threaded
/showthread.php 918 pluginSystem->run_hooks
Warning [2] Undefined array key 163163 - Line: 275 - File: inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.14 (Linux)
File Line Function
/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 275 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 23 ThreadedMode::showthread_threaded
/inc/class_plugins.php 142 threaded_mode_showthread_threaded
/showthread.php 918 pluginSystem->run_hooks
Warning [2] Undefined variable $thread - Line: 295 - File: inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.14 (Linux)
File Line Function
/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 295 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 23 ThreadedMode::showthread_threaded
/inc/class_plugins.php 142 threaded_mode_showthread_threaded
/showthread.php 918 pluginSystem->run_hooks
Warning [2] Trying to access array offset on value of type null - Line: 295 - File: inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.14 (Linux)
File Line Function
/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 295 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 23 ThreadedMode::showthread_threaded
/inc/class_plugins.php 142 threaded_mode_showthread_threaded
/showthread.php 918 pluginSystem->run_hooks
Warning [2] Undefined variable $fid - Line: 295 - File: inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.14 (Linux)
File Line Function
/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 295 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 23 ThreadedMode::showthread_threaded
/inc/class_plugins.php 142 threaded_mode_showthread_threaded
/showthread.php 918 pluginSystem->run_hooks
Warning [2] Undefined array key 163067 - Line: 331 - File: inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.14 (Linux)
File Line Function
/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 331 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 332 ThreadedMode::buildtree
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 332 ThreadedMode::buildtree
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 304 ThreadedMode::buildtree
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 23 ThreadedMode::showthread_threaded
/inc/class_plugins.php 142 threaded_mode_showthread_threaded
/showthread.php 918 pluginSystem->run_hooks
Warning [2] Undefined array key 163122 - Line: 331 - File: inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.14 (Linux)
File Line Function
/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 331 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 332 ThreadedMode::buildtree
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 332 ThreadedMode::buildtree
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 332 ThreadedMode::buildtree
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 304 ThreadedMode::buildtree
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 23 ThreadedMode::showthread_threaded
/inc/class_plugins.php 142 threaded_mode_showthread_threaded
/showthread.php 918 pluginSystem->run_hooks
Warning [2] Undefined array key 163155 - Line: 331 - File: inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.14 (Linux)
File Line Function
/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 331 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 332 ThreadedMode::buildtree
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 332 ThreadedMode::buildtree
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 332 ThreadedMode::buildtree
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 304 ThreadedMode::buildtree
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 23 ThreadedMode::showthread_threaded
/inc/class_plugins.php 142 threaded_mode_showthread_threaded
/showthread.php 918 pluginSystem->run_hooks
Warning [2] Undefined array key 163156 - Line: 331 - File: inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.14 (Linux)
File Line Function
/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 331 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 332 ThreadedMode::buildtree
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 332 ThreadedMode::buildtree
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 332 ThreadedMode::buildtree
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 304 ThreadedMode::buildtree
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 23 ThreadedMode::showthread_threaded
/inc/class_plugins.php 142 threaded_mode_showthread_threaded
/showthread.php 918 pluginSystem->run_hooks
Warning [2] Undefined array key 163163 - Line: 331 - File: inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.14 (Linux)
File Line Function
/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 331 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 332 ThreadedMode::buildtree
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 304 ThreadedMode::buildtree
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 23 ThreadedMode::showthread_threaded
/inc/class_plugins.php 142 threaded_mode_showthread_threaded
/showthread.php 918 pluginSystem->run_hooks
Warning [2] Undefined variable $theme - Line: 3 - File: inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php(305) : eval()'d code PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.14 (Linux)
File Line Function
/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php(305) : eval()'d code 3 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 305 eval
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 23 ThreadedMode::showthread_threaded
/inc/class_plugins.php 142 threaded_mode_showthread_threaded
/showthread.php 918 pluginSystem->run_hooks
Warning [2] Trying to access array offset on value of type null - Line: 3 - File: inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php(305) : eval()'d code PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.14 (Linux)
File Line Function
/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php(305) : eval()'d code 3 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 305 eval
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 23 ThreadedMode::showthread_threaded
/inc/class_plugins.php 142 threaded_mode_showthread_threaded
/showthread.php 918 pluginSystem->run_hooks
Warning [2] Undefined variable $theme - Line: 3 - File: inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php(305) : eval()'d code PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.14 (Linux)
File Line Function
/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php(305) : eval()'d code 3 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 305 eval
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 23 ThreadedMode::showthread_threaded
/inc/class_plugins.php 142 threaded_mode_showthread_threaded
/showthread.php 918 pluginSystem->run_hooks
Warning [2] Trying to access array offset on value of type null - Line: 3 - File: inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php(305) : eval()'d code PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.14 (Linux)
File Line Function
/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php(305) : eval()'d code 3 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 305 eval
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 23 ThreadedMode::showthread_threaded
/inc/class_plugins.php 142 threaded_mode_showthread_threaded
/showthread.php 918 pluginSystem->run_hooks
Warning [2] Undefined variable $lang - Line: 5 - File: inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php(305) : eval()'d code PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.14 (Linux)
File Line Function
/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php(305) : eval()'d code 5 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 305 eval
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 23 ThreadedMode::showthread_threaded
/inc/class_plugins.php 142 threaded_mode_showthread_threaded
/showthread.php 918 pluginSystem->run_hooks
Warning [2] Attempt to read property "messages_in_thread" on null - Line: 5 - File: inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php(305) : eval()'d code PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.14 (Linux)
File Line Function
/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php(305) : eval()'d code 5 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 305 eval
/inc/plugins/threaded_mode.php 23 ThreadedMode::showthread_threaded
/inc/class_plugins.php 142 threaded_mode_showthread_threaded
/showthread.php 918 pluginSystem->run_hooks





Random Number Generation Challenge (sort of)



#11

Hi All,

I am trying to write a random number generator on my HP41CX such that I use the built-in time module to generate either an initial seed for a sequence of random numbers, or generate random numbers outright. Using the values for the current time (and also date) has the potential of generating unique initial seed values.

I think the solution involves the values of time, date, and possibly some sort of a counter.

The simpler the solution the better. So let's put our math thinking caps, shall we!

Namir

PS: I am also trying to solve the same problem with Excel. Of course using VBA code I have a lot of options for more complex/elaborate solutions and more speed.

Edited: 13 Feb 2010, 9:16 a.m.


#12

From http://www.hpmuseum.org/software/41/41ranjm.htm

01  LBL "RNG4"
02 DATE
03 TIME
04 +
05 E49
06 *
07 PI
08 MOD
09 LN1+X
10 R-D
11 FRC
12 END

That's what I use.

This one will always make a new random number, it does not have the capability of regenerating a given sequence. It is a good starting point for both functions, though, since the routine can be used as a seed, then plugged into another RNG from the same URL that just uses a given seed.

Vladan


Edited: 13 Feb 2010, 9:57 a.m.


#13

Thank you Vladan!!!

Namir

#14

Here is the VBA code for a class (which I call CVirtTime) that performs random number generation using a "virtual clock" that is not affected by the speed of the computer running the code. This virtual clock will advance the virtual time each time you call method NextRand() which generates uniform random numbers between 0 and 1. You must initialize the instance of the class using either InitMyTime or InitTime. The first method allows you to specify any time and date you want (and therefore you can duplicate the sequence of numbers generated). The method InitTime initializes the class instance using the current system date and time. Using this method you cannot replicate the sequence of random numbers. Once you initialize the class instance the virtual clock "ticks" as fast as the number of calls to method NextRand().

Option Explicit

Private m_nSec As Integer
Private m_nMin As Integer
Private m_nHour As Integer
Private m_nDay As Integer
Private m_nMonth As Integer
Private m_nYear As Integer
Private m_fCounter As Double
Private PI As Double

Private Function Log10(ByVal X As Double) As Double
Log10 = Log(X) / Log(10)
End Function

Private Function AbSin(ByVal X As Double) As Double
AbSin = Abs(Sin(X)) + 1
End Function

Private Function AbCos(ByVal X As Double) As Double
AbCos = Abs(Cos(X)) + 1
End Function

Private Sub INC(ByRef N As Integer)
N = N + 1
End Sub

Public Sub InitMyTime(ByVal nSec As Integer, ByVal nMin As Integer, ByVal nHour As Integer, _
ByVal nDay As Integer, ByVal nMonth As Integer, ByVal nYear As Integer)
m_nSec = Abs(nSec)
If m_nSec > 59 Then m_nSec = 0
m_nHour = Abs(nHour)
If m_nHour > 23 Then m_nHour = 0
m_nMin = Abs(nMin)
If m_nMin > 59 Then m_nHour = 0
m_nDay = Abs(nDay)
If m_nDay > 30 Or m_nDay = 0 Then m_nDay = 1
m_nMonth = Abs(nMonth)
If m_nMonth > 12 Or m_nMonth = 0 Then m_nMonth = 1
m_nYear = Abs(nYear)
If m_nYear < 1900 Then m_nYear = 1900
m_fCounter = 0
PI = 4 * Atn(1)
End Sub

Public Sub InitTime()
Dim t As Date

t = Now
m_nSec = Second(t)
m_nHour = Hour(t)
m_nMin = Minute(t)
m_nDay = Day(t)
m_nMonth = Month(t)
m_nYear = Year(t)
m_fCounter = 0
PI = 4 * Atn(1)
End Sub

Public Function NextRand() As Double
Dim X As Double

' manage the virtual time and date
If m_nSec = 60 Then
m_nSec = 0
INC m_nMin

If m_nMin = 60 Then
m_nMin = 0
INC m_nHour

If m_nHour = 24 Then
m_nHour = 0
INC m_nDay

If m_nDay = 30 Then
m_nDay = 1
INC m_nMonth

If m_nMonth = 12 Then
m_nMonth = 1
INC m_nYear
Else
INC m_nMonth
End If

Else
INC m_nDay
End If

Else
INC m_nHour
End If

Else
INC m_nMin
End If

Else
INC m_nSec
End If


X = (5773 * AbSin(137 * m_nSec) * AbCos(173 * m_nMin) * AbSin(137 * m_nHour)) + _
(2377 * AbSin(237 * m_nDay) * AbCos(117 * m_nMonth) * AbCos(m_nYear))
m_fCounter = m_fCounter + 1
If m_fCounter > 1E+99 Then m_fCounter = 0
X = X + Abs(Sin(m_fCounter) + Log(1 + m_fCounter))
NextRand = X - Int(X)

End Function

Calculating the value for variable X is more of an art than a science (at least in my humble opinion). You can develop so many different kinds of expression to calculate X--some better than others. I tried using the modulo operator in a "creative" way, but found that using sin and cos function works rather well.

Namir

Edited: 15 Feb 2010, 8:52 a.m. after one or more responses were posted


#15

Hi everyone.
Here is an M-Code function that I wrote to get random numbers.

-"RAND" uses the timer to produce pseudo-random numbers r between 0 and 1 ( 0 < r < 1 ). I don't know if r = 0 may happen.
-The content of register X is saved in L-register

084 "D"
00E "N"
001 "A"
012 "R"
0F8 READ 3(X)
128 WRIT 4(L)
130 LDI S&X
010 010 The user memory must be deselected by selecting
270 RAM SLCT a non-existent RAM ( at 010h )
130 LDI S&X then the Timer
0FB 0FB is
3F0 PRPH SLCT selected
3E8 WRIT 15(e) Set the A/B pointer to A
038 READ DATA
1BC RCR 11 Rotates C-register 11 digits right
046 C=0 S&X The user memory
270 RAM SLCT is selected again
05E C=0 MS
130 LDI S&X
041 041
2A0 SETDEC
10E A=C ALL
04E C=0 ALL
35C PT=12
1D0 LD@PT- 7
210 LD@PT- 8
110 LD@PT- 4
050 LD@PT- 1
090 LD@PT- 2
250 LD@PT- 9
190 LD@PT- 6
1D0 LD@PT- 7
210 LD@PT- 8
1D0 LD@PT- 7
044 CLRF 4 C
070 N=C ALL =
171 ?NCXQ A
064 195C mod C
10E A=C ALL
0B0 C=N ALL
261 ?NCXQ C =
060 1898 A/C
0E8 WRIT 3(X)
3E0 RTN

Best Regards,
Jean-Marc.


#16

Cool ........ but it looks Greek to me!!!

:-)

Namir

#17

Beautiful example Jean-Marc, thanks for sharing it.

There is another implementation on the SandMath module, functions SEEDT and RAND written by Håkan Thörngren "a few years ago" - and published on PPCJ back then. I like it because it uses a memory buffer to store the seed(s). Also the time module is used to obtain an initial seed if the input is zero.

Cheers,
ÁM.

Edited: 15 Feb 2010, 4:30 a.m.

#18

Namir, having read Donald Knuth I have the feeling that you are on the wrong track. From the top of my head, he states that having a complicated function does not make the pseudo random sequence any better. As a result: There are simple workable solutions like the Linear Congruential Method:

(from the pages cited below.)

Useful link: http://random.mat.sbg.ac.at/
(I'll have to check the pages for myself but they look promising.)


#19

Marcus,

Sure the equation you mentioned is very popular and I used it to write typical pseudo-random number generators. My basic approach in this thread is to use the computer's system date and time as an automatic initial seed OR as a way to generate uniform random numbers outright. Since PC's run fast, a system date/time based algorithm risks of generating large arrays of the same random number. This problem prompted me to think of a using a counter to avoid generating the same numbers. Then, I thought of creating a class for a virtual clock that can be initialized by the actual system clock and then run at it's own pace and totally independent of the actual CPU speed. Thus, my virtual clock ticks each time you generate a random number.

The equation I am using uses all of the components of date and time.

Namir

#20

Quote:
PS: I am also trying to solve the same problem with Excel. Of course using VBA code I have a lot of options for more complex/elaborate solutions and more speed.

I found that many random number generating routines performed poorly with regards to having too much repitition when I required 100's of 1000's of numbers. A very good one I found for Excel was Mersenne-Twister. On the site there are links to several implementations and also an Excel add-in.

Possibly Related Threads…
Thread Author Replies Views Last Post
  HP Prime: RANDOM Alberto Candel 4 1,734 10-18-2013, 09:18 PM
Last Post: Alberto Candel
  Rearanging the "Fixed" sort order of Prime's Apps icons Joe Horn 3 1,644 10-02-2013, 10:24 AM
Last Post: Han
  Some random wish list items for the 43s Marcel Samek 18 5,025 07-11-2013, 05:35 PM
Last Post: Paul Dale
  HP41 Barcode generation Raymond Wiker 18 4,193 10-29-2011, 02:14 PM
Last Post: Raymond Wiker
  Sort of OT: Dice odds Dave Britten 9 2,896 09-13-2011, 01:29 PM
Last Post: Kiyoshi Akima
  Secret prototype of the next generation HP calcs Michael de Estrada 8 2,158 09-10-2011, 12:50 PM
Last Post: Eric Smith
  HP-41C SKWIDBC Barcode Generation ROM aj04062 27 5,717 09-07-2011, 09:58 AM
Last Post: M. Joury
  OT: Help with Testing Random Number Generators Namir 5 1,772 08-01-2011, 11:20 PM
Last Post: Paul Dale
  Question about random number generators Namir 20 4,341 07-08-2011, 11:05 AM
Last Post: David Hayden
  Symbolic math with the 35s (well.. sort of) Dieter 4 1,558 08-28-2010, 01:35 AM
Last Post: Karl Schneider

Forum Jump: