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+--- Thread: HP-42S - Time to drain a horizontal cylindrical tank (/thread-213222.html)
HP-42S - Time to drain a horizontal cylindrical tank - Gerson W. Barbosa - 03-03-2012
One of the new programs in the software library (Thanks, Don, for pointing them out to us) is a small HP-42S program that calculates the volume of a horizontal cylindrical tank, given its current fluid level, by Ken Delsnider:
http://www.hpmuseum.org/software/42tankv.htm
Perhaps the following could be a companion program to it, but some discussion is required. Years ago at work my chief, also an electrical engineer, gave me a book on Fluid Mechanics and asked me to try to solve this problem. I had not been an outstanding student in that discipline (quite the contrary!), but after an hour or so I managed to find a formula (by following a solved example for a vertical tank in the book). I tested it with a 20-liter water bottle and a small piece of a plastic pen body as a nozzle and it worked. I guess it may work for diesel oil as well (that was the fluid in the original problem) given its low viscosity, but I don't know what discrepancy one could expect when using the formula below. The constant in line 21 has to be recalculated for British units.
Formula
t = 4*L*(sqrt((D - h2)^3) - sqrt((D - h1)^3))/(3*S*c*sqrt(2*g))where
t = time do drain from upper to lower level [s]
L = length of the tank [m]
D = diameter of the tank [m]
h1 = upper level of fluid [m]
h2 = lower level of fluid [m]
S = cross-sectional area of the nozzle [m^2]
g = acceleration of gravity [m/s^2]
c = nozzle coefficient (dimensionless)
Gerson.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------(*) The nozzle constant is a dimensionless constant
TIME TO DRAIN A HORIZONTAL CYLINDRICAL TANK FROM AN INITIAL LEVEL TO A FINAL LEVEL OF STORAGE00 { 103-Byte Prgm }
01>LBL "T2MT"
02 MVAR "DIA"
03 MVAR "HT"
04 MVAR "HTF"
05 MVAR "LEN"
06 MVAR "NDIA"
07 MVAR "NC"
08 MVAR "T"
09 RCL "DIA"
10 RCL- "HTF"
11 3
12 Y^X
13 SQRT
14 RCL "DIA"
15 RCL- "HT"
16 3
17 Y^X
18 SQRT
19 -
20 RCL× "LEN"
21 383330.627104 ; (8/15)*10^7/(pi*sqrt(2*9.80665))
22 ×
23 RCL "NDIA"
24 X^2
25 RCL× "NC"
26 ÷
27 RCL- "T"
28 ENDDIA = Diameter [m]
HT = Initial level of storage [m]
HTF = Final level of storage [m]
LEN = Length of tank [m]
NDIA = Nozzle diameter [mm]
NC = Nozzle constant (*)
T = Time [s]
related to the ratio of the length and diameter
of the nozzle, according to the following table:
| NC
-------------
l<d | 0.62
l=2d | 0.82
l=3d | 0.82
l=12d | 0.76
l=24d | 0.73
l=48d | 0.63
l=60d | 0.60
l=100d | 0.50
The formula doesn't take the fluid viscosity into account. This works for water and other low viscosity fluids.Example:
Given the following data, calculate the time to empty a horizontal cylindrical water tank.
DIA = Diameter 1.488 m
HT = Initial level of storage 0.177 m
HTF = Final level of storage 0.000 m
LEN = Length of tank 2.988 m
NDIA = Nozzle diameter 50.800 mm
NC = Nozzle constant (*) 0.620
Shift SOLVER T2MT
1.488 DIA
0.177 HT
0 HFT
2.988 LEN
50.8 NDIA
0.62 NC
\/ T --> 224.808926919 seconds3600 / Shift CONVERT ->HMS --> 00h 03m 45s
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Re: HP-42S - Time to drain a horizontal cylindrical tank - Werner - 03-03-2012
As far as the TANK program goes, I've had a similar program in my library for several years.
Making use of stack and recall arithmetic, and avoiding the "R" variable, it is considerably shorter than the one in the software lib: (OK I cheated a little with shorter variable names as well ;-)
{ 49-Byte Prgm }
*LBL "TANK"
MVAR "H"
MVAR "V"
MVAR "D"
MVAR "L"
RCL "D"
X^2
LASTX
2
/
RCL- "H"
LASTX
/
ACOS
STO+ ST X
ENTER
SIN
-
*
8
/
RCL* "L"
RCL- "V"
END
Cheers, Werner
Edited: 3 Mar 2012, 7:51 a.m.
Re: HP-42S - Time to drain a horizontal cylindrical tank - Gerson W. Barbosa - 03-03-2012
In my original problem I used this formula, derived from yours:
V = L*(D^2*ACOS(1 - 2*H/D)/4 + (H - D/2)*sqrt(H*(D - H)))It has the advantage of using only one transcendental function, but it's longer.
The following uses your formula and is slightly shorter, but takes up four more bytes:
00 { 53-Byte Prgm }
01>LBL "TANK"
02 MVAR "L"
03 MVAR "D"
04 MVAR "H"
05 MVAR "V"
06 1
07 RCL "H"
08 STO+ ST X
09 RCL÷ "D"
10 -
11 ACOS
12 STO+ ST X
13 SIN
14 RCL- ST L
15 RCL× "D"
16 RCL× "D"
17 RCL× "L"
18 8
19 ÷
20 RCL+ "V"
21 END
L*D^2*(SIN(2*ACOS(1 - 2*H/D)) - 2*ACOS(1 - 2*H/D))/8 + V = 0
Cheers,
Gerson.